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स्वामि विवेकानंद : युवाओ की प्रेरणा

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भारतीय संस्कृति को विश्व स्तर पर पहचान दिलाने वाले महापुरुष स्वामी विवेकानंद जी का जन्म 12 जनवरी 1863 को सूर्योदय से 6 मिनट पूर्व 6 बजकर 33 मिनट 33 सेकेन्ड पर हुआ। भुवनेश्वरी देवी के विश्वविजयी पुत्र का स्वागत मंगल शंख बजाकर मंगल ध्वनी से किया गया। ऐसी महान विभूती के जन्म से भारत माता भी गौरवान्वित हो गईं। 

नवजात बालक की आकृति एवं रूप उनके सन्यासी पितामह दुर्गादास से बहुत मिलता जुलता था। परिवार के लोगों ने बालक का नाम दुर्गादास रखने की इच्छा जताई , किन्तु माता ने अपने द्वारा देखे गये एक स्वपन के आधार पर बालक का नाम वीरेश्वर रखा  ।प्यार से लोग ‘बिले’ कह कर बुलाते थे। हिन्दू मान्यता के अनुसार संतान के दो नाम होते हैं, एक राशी का एवं दूसरा जन साधारण में प्रचलित नाम , तो अन्नप्रासन के शुभ अवसर पर बालक का नाम नरेन्द्र नाथ रखा गया।
नरेन्द्र की बुद्धी बचपन से ही तेज थी।बचपन में नरेन्द्र बहुत नटखट थे। भय, फटकार या धमकी का असर उन पर नहीं होता था। तो माता भुवनेश्वरी देवी ने अदभुत उपाय सोचा, नरेन्द्र का अशिष्ट आचरण जब बढ जाता तो, वो शिव शिव कह कर उनके ऊपर जल डाल देतीं। बालक नरेन्द्र एकदम शान्त हो जाते। इसमे संदेह नही की बालक नरेन्द्र शिव का ही रूप थे।
अपनी माँ के मुहँ से रामायण तथा महाभाऱत व अन्य पौराणिक कथाएँ सुनना नरेंद्र को बहुत अच्छा लगता था।बालयावस्था में नरेन्द्र नाथ को गाङी पर घूमना बहुत पसन्द था। जब कोई पूछता बङे हो कर क्या बनोगे तो मासूमियत से कहते कोचवान बनूँगा।
पाश्चात्य सभ्यता में विश्वास रखने वाले उनके  पिता विश्वनाथ दत्त अपने पुत्र को अंग्रेजी शिक्षा देकर पाश्चातय सभ्यता में रंगना चाहते थे। किन्तु नियती ने तो कुछ खास प्रयोजन हेतु बालक को अवतरित किया था।
ये कहना अतिश्योक्ती न होगा कि भारतीय संस्कृती को विश्वस्तर पर पहचान दिलाने का श्रेय अगर किसी को जाता है तो वो हैं स्वामी विवेकानंद। व्यायाम, कुश्ती,क्रिकेट आदी में नरेन्द्र की विशेष रूची थी। कभी कभी मित्रों के साथ हास –परिहास में भी भाग लेते। जनरल असेम्बली कॉलेज के अध्यक्ष विलयम हेस्टी का कहना था कि नरेन्द्रनाथ दर्शन शास्त्र के अतिउत्तम छात्र हैं। जर्मनी और इग्लैण्ड के सारे विश्वविद्यालयों में नरेन्द्रनाथ जैसा मेधावी छात्र नहीं है।
नरेन्द्र के चरित्र में जो भी महान है, वो उनकी सुशिक्षित एवं विचारशील माता की शिक्षा का ही परिणाम है।बचपन से ही परमात्मा को पाने की चाह थी।डेकार्ट का अंहवाद, डार्विन का विकासवाद, स्पेंसर के अद्वेतवाद को सुनकर नरेन्द्रनाथ सत्य को पाने का लिये व्याकुल हो गये। अपने इसी उद्देश्य की पूर्ती हेतु ब्रह्मसमाज में गये किन्तु वहाँ उनका चित्त शान्त न हुआ। रामकृष्ण परमहंस की तारीफ सुनकर नरेन्द्र उनसे तर्क के उद्देश्य से उनके पास गये किन्तु उनके विचारों से प्रभावित हो कर उन्हे गुरू मान लिया। परमहसं की कृपा से उन्हे आत्म साक्षात्कार हुआ। नरेन्द्र परमहंस के प्रिय शिष्यों में से सर्वोपरि थे। 25 वर्ष की उम्र में नरेन्द्र ने गेरुवावस्त्र धारण कर सन्यास ले लिया और विश्व भ्रमण को निकल पङे।
 1893 में शिकागो विश्व धर्म परिषद में भारत के प्रतीनिधी बनकर गये किन्तु उस समय युरोप में भारतीयों को हीन दृष्टी से देखते थे। उगते सूरज को कौन रोक पाया है, वहाँ लोगों के विरोध के बावजूद एक प्रोफेसर के प्रयास से स्वामी जी को बोलने का अवसर मिला। स्वामी जी ने बहिनों एवं भाईयों कहकर श्रोताओं को संबोधित किया। स्वामी जी के मुख से ये शब्द सुनकर करतल ध्वनी से उनका स्वागत हुआ। श्रोता उनको मंत्र मुग्ध सुनते रहे निर्धारित समय कब बीत गया पता ही न चला। अध्यक्ष गिबन्स के अनुरोध पर स्वामी जी आगे बोलना शुरू किये तथा 20 मिनट से अधिक बोले। उनसे अभिभूत हो हज़ारों लोग उनके शिष्य बन गये। आलम ये था कि जब कभी सभा में शोर होता तो उन्हे स्वामी जी के भाषण सुनने का प्रलोभन दिया जाता सारी जनता शान्त हो जाती।
अपने व्यख्यान से स्वामी जी ने सिद्ध कर दिया कि हिन्दु धर्म भी श्रेष्ठ है, उसमें सभी धर्मों समाहित करने की क्षमता है।इस अदभुत सन्यासी ने सात समंदर पार भारतीय संसकृती की ध्वजा को फैराया।
स्वामी जी केवल संत ही नही देशभक्त, वक्ता, विचारक, लेखक एवं मानव प्रेमी थे। 1899 में कोलकता में भीषण प्लेग फैला, अस्वस्थ होने के बावजूद स्वामी जी ने तन मन धन से महामारी से ग्रसित लोगों की सहायता करके इंसानियत की मिसाल दी। स्वामी विवेकानंद ने, 1 मई,1897 को रामकृष्ण मिशन की स्थापना की। रामकृष्ण मिशन, दूसरों की सेवा और परोपकार को कर्मयोग मानता है जो कि हिन्दुत्व में प्रतिष्ठित एक महत्वपूर्ण सिध्दान्त है।
39 वर्ष के संक्षिप्त जीवन काल में स्वामी जी ने जो अदभुत कार्य किये हैं, वो आने वाली पिढीयों को सदियों तक मार्ग दर्शन करते रहेंगे। 4 जुलाई 1902 को स्वामी जी का अलौकिक शरीर परमात्मा मे विलीन हो गया।
स्वामी जी का आदर्श- “उठो जागो और तब तक न रुको जब तक मंजिल प्राप्त न हो जाए” अनेक युवाओं के लिये प्रेरणा स्रोत है। स्वामी विवेकानंद जी का जन्मदिन राष्ट्रीय युवा दिवस के रूप में मनाया जाता है। उनकी शिक्षा में सर्वोपरी शिक्षा है ”मानव सेवा ही ईश्वर सेवा है”।
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